MiMoText

### Linked Open Data for Literary History: Constructing, Querying and Using the MiMoTextBase
<img height="60" style="box-shadow:none;" data-src="img/basics/mimotext-logo.png">
Maria Hinzmann and Tinghui Duan
with Matthias Bremm, Anne Klee, Johanna Konstanciak, Julia Röttgermann and Christof Schöch
<a href="https://mimotext.uni-trier.de/en">Project: https://mimotext.uni-trier.de/en</a>
<a href="https://mimotext.github.io/lod-lithist/berlin23.html">Slides: https://mimotext.github.io/lod-lithist/berlin23.html</a>

Workshop FU Berlin, 10th October 2023 Wikipedia, Wikidata and Wikibase: Usage Scenarios for Literary Studies
<img height="50" style="box-shadow:none;" data-src="img/basics/logo_institution.png">

::
- Hello and welcome to our talk and thanks to the organizers for inviting us to this great workshop!
- We're very happy to talk about “MiMoText. Everything we present in the following was created in teamwork. 
- The project is based at the Trier Center for DH and is funded by the Rhineland-Palatinate Research Initiative.
- My colleague Tinghui Duan and I would like to give you a brief overview of the project and show how we have built up our project-specific wikibase instance, the mimotextbase, and how it can be used by queries. In the context of our workshop today and tomorrow, federated queries seem particularly relevant.

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## Structure
1. [Introduction](#/2)
2. [Mining](#/3)
3. [Modeling](#/4)
4. [MiMoTextBase & Wikidata](#/5)
5. [Examples](#/6)

::
- So after a short introduction I will talk about the "mining" part of our project, then briefly continue with the "modeling". 
- In the second part Tinghui will present the MiMoTextBase and its connection with Wikidata. 
- At the end we would like to illustrate the use of the MiMoTextBase with some example queries.

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## (1) Introduction

---
#### MiMoText in a nutshell 
<img height="450" data-src="img/overview_eng.jpg">
 

 <a href="https://mimotext.uni-trier.de/en">https://mimotext.uni-trier.de/en</a>

::
- The aim of the project Mining and Modeling Text is to establish a Linked Open Data knowledge network for the humanities. 
- We have focused on one specific domain, which is the French Enlightenment novel but we think that our approach in general is transferable to other disciplines and domains.
- In this overview of our project you see that we build up our knowledge network with information extracted from three different types of sources: 1. bibliographic metadata, 2. Textual features from primary sources, 3. Statements from scholarly publications.

---
#### Aims of the project

- Our goal: "Wikidata for literary history" 
 - An information system for literary history
 - LOD-based, with exploratory interface and SPARQL-endpoint
 - Sort of an "atomization" of literary history into many small statements
 - Held together by taxonomies, ontologies, authority files
- Compared to Wikidata: 
 - Much more focused on one domain (French novel 1750-1800)
 - Better coverage for this domain 
 - Higher density of assertions for this domain 
 - Based on more explicit data modeling

::
 
- Our approach can be described as a kind of “atomization of literary history”, so the idea is to atomize information of a complex domain into many small statements, to hold them together by taxonomies, ontologies and authority data and to gain new perspectives on the domain by querying this network.
- Important to note that we don't collect facts, but rather statements or perspectives. And of course, we don't provide one overarching narrative or thesis, but a lot of raw but linked and contextualized information
- Both built on data, and enabling literary studies based on data

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## (2) Mining

---
### Source type 1: Bibliographic data
<a href="img/bgrf-Candide.png"><img height="400" src="img/bgrf-Candide.png"></img></a>
Martin / Mylne / Frautschi: Bibliographie du genre romanesque français, 1751-1800, 1977

::
- For our domain, the Bibliographie du genre romanesque français 1751-1800 is central, as it defines the population of about 2000 French Enlightenment novels. 
- We could extract basic information like the publication place from this source. But beside this, the bibliography provides particularly rich metadata from keywords about – as you see here italicized – narrative form, narrative locations, characters, themes, style.

---
### Source type 2: Primary literature (novels)
* corpus of 205 french novels (1750-1800) 
* in XML-TEI, with metadata, following the ELTeC schema
* methods: e.g. Topic Modeling, NER, stylometry
<img height="300" src="img/roman18.jpg"></img>
 Collection of Eighteenth-Century French Novels (1750-1800)

::
- In a subproject we built up The Collection of Eighteenth-Century French Novels with about 200 novels encoded in TEI with metadata, following the schema of the European Literary Text Collection. 
- Among the quantitative methods we applied to generate statements were topic modeling, named entity recognition, and stylometry.

---
### Source type 3: Scholarly publications
<a href="img/inception_Candide-disambiguation.png"><img height="250" src="img/inception_Candide-disambiguation.png"></img></a>

* manual annotation (e.g. statements about themes)
* annotation tool INCEpTION linked with Wikidata and MiMoTextBase 
* pipeline (export INCEpTION annotations => import Wikibase statements)

::
- We have not yet been able to extract statements automatically. However, we realized manual annotation of quite a lot of statements in the semantic annotation tool INCEpTION, which we linked with Wikidata and the MiMoTextBase.
- Via the connection between INCEpTION and the two knowledge bases, strings can be disambiguated directly during annotation. 
- Afterwards, a pipeline allows us to automatically convert the data exported from INCEpTION into statements, which we can then import into the MiMoTextBase.

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## (3) Modeling

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#### Ontology

- Überblick
 - Module 1: theme
 - Module 2: space
 - Module 3: narrative form
 - Module 4: literary work
 - Module 5: author
 - Module 6: mapping
 - Module 7: referencing
 - Module 8: versioning & publication
 - Module 9: terminology
 - Module 10: bibliography
 - Module 11: scholarly work
	
 (https://github.com/MiMoText/ontology)

::
- We have structured our data model or ontology into 11 (or now 12) modules. The modules provide different 'entry points', which we hope will strengthen transparency and reusability.
- Since we couldn't do everything at once, we pragmatically focused primarily on an alignment and mapping with Wikidata.
- An ontology is not an ontology as long as it is only used in one project. We therefore see it rather as a “proposal for elements of an ontology” which has to be discussed with scholars and agents from all related disciplines and fields.

---
#### Reification (1)
<a href="img/mimotextbase_sources.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/mimotextbase_sources.png"></a>

::
- The concept of ‘reification’ is very important because knowledge in humanities represents perspectives rather than facts. 
- Reification in Wikibase is realized in that way that every ‘core triple’ or ‘claim’ can be ‘referenced’, ‘qualified’ and ‘ranked’, a feature that is very useful in terms of transparency, comprehensibility and comparability.
- You see here an examples of such metatriples, it refers to a literary work that is about two subjects what is referenced by four different sources via the property “stated in”.

---
#### Reification (2)
<a href="img/module7_referencing.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/module7_referencing.png"></a>

::
- You can find further information in our Module on Referencing. In this module in particular, we reuse all properties directly from Wikidata, since consistent and overarching standards in referencing practices seem to be very important.

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#### Alignment with Wikidata: enabling ‘federated queries’
<a href="img/federated-queries_new.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/federated-queries_new.png"></a>

::
- We reuse Wikidata Properties and classes whenever it seems consistent. But even more important seems to be the alignment or mapping of our vocabulary items with the corresponding wikidata items. This makes it possible to create federated queries as Tinghui will show you in the second part.

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## (4) MiMoTextBase & Wikidata

::
Thanks Maria for the introduction to the project and the modeling part. Now I will talk about the MiMoTextBase and its connection with Wikidata.

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#### What is Wikibase?
<img height="500" style="box-shadow: none;" data-src="img/wikipedia_wikidata_wikibase.png">

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### Wikibase as infrastructure
<img height="450" style="box-shadow: none;" data-src="img/wikibasesuite.png">

::
- Wikibase is a suite of free and open-source software projects that allow for the creation, display and editing of structured, linked, and machine-readable data on the web.
- The Wikibase suite consists of several components, which can be used together or separately.
- The core components are client, repositoy and sparql query Service.

---
#### Why using Wikibase?
 
- It’s a FOSS! (free open source software) 
- Flexible data model 
- User-friendly interface and different import possibilities
- Easily linkable to other Wikibase-instances 
- Multilingualism

::
- Why did we choose Wikibase as our infrastructure?
- First of all, it’s a FOSS, so we can use it for free and we can also contribute to the development of the software.
- Second, it has a flexible data model, which allows us to model our data in a way that is suitable for our project.
- Third, it has a user-friendly interface and different import possibilities, which makes it easy to import data from different sources.
- Fourth, it’s easily linkable to other Wikibase-instances, which makes it possible to create federated queries.
- And last but not least, it’s multilingual, which enables collaboration between people who use different working languages.

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### Some example instances of Wikibase
<img height="450" style="box-shadow: none;" data-src="img/wikibase_instances.png">

::
- Wikidata is the biggest Wikibase instance. It’s a free and open knowledge base that can be read and edited by both humans and machines.
- Factgrid is a Wikibase instance that is used to collect and manage data about historical facts.
- Rhizome Artbase is a Wikibase instance that is used to collect and manage data about digital art.
- The MiMoTextBase is a Wikibase instance that is used to collect and manage data about French Enlightenment novels and authors.

---
#### MiMoTextBase as part of the Wikibase ecosystem
<img height="450" data-src="img/wikibase_ecosystem.png">
A view of the MiMoTextBase within the Wikimedia Linked Open Data web. Credit original visualization: <a href="https://blogs.tib.eu/wp/tib/2021/11/05/tib-at-wikidatacon-part-1/">Dan Shick (WMDE)</a> / CC-BY-SA 4.0

::
- The MiMoTextBase is part of the Wikibase ecosystem, which means that it’s possible to use data from the MiMoTextBase in other Wikibase instances and vice versa.
- The MiMoTextBase is linked to Wikidata, which means that it’s possible to use data from Wikidata in the MiMoTextBase and vice versa.
- The MiMoTextBase is linked to other Wikibase instances, which means that it’s possible to use data from other Wikibase instances in the MiMoTextBase and vice versa.

---
#### Multilingualism facilitates international collaboration
<img height="450" data-src="img/multilingualism.png">

---
#### Connecting MiMoTextBase & Wikidata
<img height="350" data-src="img/mimotextbase-wikidata_v2.png">

- Contribution of MiMoText to Wikidata 
 - Adding new Items to Wikidata 
 - [MiMoText ID](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P12047) as a new property (external identifier) to Wikidata 
 - Linking novel items on Wikidata to fulltexts on Github

--
## (5) Examples

---
#### Result: the MiMoTextBase
<a href="http://data.mimotext.uni-trier.de/wiki/Main_Page"><img height="450" src="img/mimotextbase.png"></img></a>

- http://data.mimotext.uni-trier.de

:: 
- Having all our data triples on French Enlightenment novels and authors stored in our
Wikibase instance enables us to query it as a graph. 
- Start with some examples from the Wikibase "wiki view"
- Author: not a lot of information, but: "exact_match" (!) => Wikidata 
- Title: a lot more information, both modeled and as strings, from various sources; meta-assertions / references
- One can do searches here as well, but not in a very targeted manner => SPARQL

---
#### The SPARQL endpoint 
<a href="img/sparql_results1.png"><img height="350" src="img/sparql_results1.png"></img></a>

- SPARQL = SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language
- Used to formulate complex queries on LOD
- https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de

::
- The DockerWikibaseQueryService interface provides numerous visualization options that allow exploration and analysis of data at different levels of granularity
- Currently, we have almost 370.000 triples, so this already opens up many possiblities

---
#### Some example queries

- Simple queries
  - [List of novels with information from BGRF](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23%20Query%20to%20retrieve%20some%20data%20about%20the%20MiMoTextBase%20such%20as%20Authors%2C%20Novels%2C%20publicationyears%2C%20tonality%20etc.%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fbgrf%20%3Fitem%20%3Fauthorlabel%20%3FitemLabel%20%3Fyear%20%3Fnarrpers%20%3Ftonality%20%3Fpages%20%3Fnormalized%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP5%20%3Fauthor%3B%20%23%20who%20is%20the%20author%3F%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP4%20%3Ftitle%3B%20%23%20what%20is%20the%20title%3F%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP22%20%3Fbgrf%3B%20%20%23%20what%20is%20the%20identifier%20in%20the%20bibliographic%20metadata%3F%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP9%20%3Fdate%3B%20%23%20what%20is%20the%20publication%20date%3F%0A%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP27%20%3Fnarrpers%3B%20wdt%3AP31%20%3Ftonality%3B%20wdt%3AP25%20%3Fpages.%20%0A%20%7D%0A%20BIND%28YEAR%28%3Fdate%29%20as%20%3Fyear%29.%0A%20BIND%28if%28bound%28%3Fnarrpers%29%2C%20%3Fnarrpers%2C%20%22unbekannt%22%29%20as%20%3Fnormalized%29%0A%20%3Fauthor%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3Fauthorlabel.%0A%20FILTER%28LANG%28%3Fauthorlabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%0A%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2C%20fr%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%20ORDER%20BY%20%3Fyear) 
  - [The number of works written by each author (first 25)](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23%20Get%20the%20count%20of%20written%20novels%20per%20authors%0APREFIX%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0APREFIX%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%0A%0ASELECT%20%3FauthorName%20%28count%20%28%3FauthorName%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%3Fwork%20wdt%3AP5%20%3Fauthor%20.%20%23%20work%20has%20author.%0A%20%20%20%3Fauthor%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FauthorName%20.%20%23%20get%20author%20label%20%28not%20only%20Link%20to%20author%29%0A%20%20%20FILTER%28LANG%28%3FauthorName%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%20%23%20other%20options%3A%20%22fr%22%2C%20%22de%22.%20Filter%20is%20needed%20as%20there%20is%20more%20than%20one%20label%20%28language%20dependent%29%0A%7D%0A%0Agroup%20by%20%3FauthorName%0Aorder%20by%20desc%20%28%3Fcount%29%0ALIMIT%2025%0A%0A)
  - [The themes of the novels, in French](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/index.html#%23defaultView%3ABubbleChart%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0ASELECT%20%3FtopLabel%20%28count%28%2a%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP36%20%3Ftop%20.%0A%20%3Ftop%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FtopLabel%20.%0A%20filter%28lang%28%3FtopLabel%29%20%3D%20%22fr%22%29%0A%7D%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3FtopLabel%0AORDER%20BY%20desc%28%3Fcount%29) and in [English](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/index.html#%23defaultView%3ABubbleChart%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0ASELECT%20%3FtopLabel%20%28count%28%2a%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP36%20%3Ftop%20.%0A%20%3Ftop%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FtopLabel%20.%0A%20filter%28lang%28%3FtopLabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%0A%7D%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3FtopLabel%0AORDER%20BY%20desc%28%3Fcount%29) 
- Queries with visualization
  - [Number of novels published per year](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23%20Query%20to%20retrieve%20the%20first%20publication%20dates%20of%20all%20French%20novels%201751-1800%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%20%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0ASELECT%20%28str%28SAMPLE%28year%28%3Fdate%29%29%29%20as%20%3Fyear%29%20%28COUNT%28%2a%29%20AS%20%3Fcount%29%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP9%20%3Fdate%20.%0A%7D%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3Fdate%0AORDER%20BY%20DESC%28%3Fdate%29)
  - [The authors (by date of birth, with portrait)](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23%20show%20authors%2C%20their%20Wikidata%20match%2C%20their%20birth%20dates%20in%20a%20timeline%20%0A%23defaultView%3ATimeline%0APREFIX%20wid%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fentity%2F%3E%20%23wikidata%20prefix%20definition%20for%20entity%0APREFIX%20widt%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%23wikidata%20prefix%20definition%20for%20property%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%20%23mimotext%20prefix%20for%20entity%20is%20wd%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%23mimotext%20prefix%20for%20property%20is%20wdt%0ASelect%20%3Fauthor%20%3FauthorLabel%20%3FwikiLink%20%3Fbirth%20%3Fimage%20%0A%7B%0A%20%20%3Fauthor%20wdt%3AP11%20%3Foccupation.%0A%20%20%3Fauthor%20wdt%3AP13%20%3FwikiLink.%0A%20%20%3Fauthor%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FauthorLabel%0A%20%20Filter%28lang%28%3FauthorLabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%3FwikiLink%20widt%3AP569%20%3Fbirth.%20%0A%20OPTIONAL%7B%20%20%20%3FwikiLink%20widt%3AP18%20%3Fimage.%7D%0A%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%7D%0A)
  - [The narrative form of the novels (and their prevalence)](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23%20Query%20to%20retrieve%20the%20narrative%20perspectives%20of%20the%20novels.%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20rdfs%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2F01%2Frdf-schema%23%3E%0ASELECT%20%28count%28%3FnarrativePerspectiveLabel%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%20%3FnarrativePerspectiveLabel%20%0AWHERE%0A%7B%0A%20%20%3Fwork%20wdt%3AP33%20%3FnarrativePerspective.%20%23%20work%20%28novel%29%20has%20property%20P33%20%28narrative%20perspective%29%0A%20%20%3FnarrativePerspective%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FnarrativePerspectiveLabel.%20%23%20using%20of%20rdfs%3Alabel%20to%20display%20labels%0A%20%20%0A%20%20FILTER%28lang%28%3FnarrativePerspectiveLabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%20%23%20filter%20is%20neccessary%20to%20display%20only%20one%20occurence.%20Other%20possibilites%20would%20be%20%22en%22%20or%20%22de%22.%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2C%20en%22.%20%7D%0A%20%0A%7D%0A%0Agroup%20by%20%3FnarrativePerspectiveLabel%0A%23defaultView%3ABubbleChart)
  - [Book history: formats per year](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23defaultView%3ABarChart%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0ASelect%20%20%28str%28SAMPLE%28year%28%3Fdate%29%29%29%20as%20%3Fyear%29%20%28count%28%3Fformat%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%20%3Fformat%20%0A%20%20%20WHERE%7B%0A%20%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP26%20%3Fformat.%0A%20%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP9%20%3Fdate%20.%0A%20%20FILTER%28lang%28%3Fformat%29%20%3D%20%22fr%22%29%0A%20%20FILTER%28YEAR%28%3Fdate%29%20%3C%201799%29%20%23%20filter%20for%20the%20publication%20date%20of%20interest%0A%23%20FILTER%28lcase%28%3Fformat%29%20%3D%20%2212-in%22%40fr%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20Filter%20%28regex%28lcase%28%3Fformat%29%2C%20%22in-%5C%5Cd%2B%5B%5C%5Cs%5C%5CS%5D%22%29%29%0A%20%20%20BIND%28str%28year%28%3Fdate%29%29%20as%20%3Fyear%29%0A%20%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7Bbd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%7BAUTO_LANGUAGE%7D%22%2C%22fr%22%20.%7D%0A%20%20%7D%0A%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3Fformat%20%3Fyear%20%3Fcount%0A%23having%20%28%3Fcount%3E%202%29%0A)
- Federated queries 
  - [The narrative locations in all novels (map)](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23defaultView%3AMap%7B%22hide%22%3A%20%5B%22%3Fnar_loc%22%5D%2C%20%22markercluster%22%3A%22true%22%7D%0APREFIX%20wid%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fentity%2F%3E%20%23wikidata%20wd%0APREFIX%20widt%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%23wikidata%20wdt%0APREFIX%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0APREFIX%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3Fnar_loc%20%3Fnar_locLabel%20%3FWikiDataEntity%20%3FcoordinateLocation%0AWHERE%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP32%20%3Fnar_loc.%0A%20%20%3Fnar_loc%20wdt%3AP13%20%3FWikiDataEntity.%0A%20%20%23Federated%20Query%20-%3E%20Wikidata%0A%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%3FWikiDataEntity%20widt%3AP625%20%3FcoordinateLocation%0A%20%20%7D%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20.%20%7D%0A%7D%0A)
  - [Alternative authorlabels via skos:altLabel](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23title%3AAlternative%20Labels%20of%20author%20names%20via%20%E2%80%98federated%E2%80%99%20queries%E2%80%99%0APREFIX%20mmd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0APREFIX%20mmdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%0A%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fauthor%20%3FauthorLabel%20%3FwikidataEntity%20%3Faltname%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%09%20%3Fitem%20mmdt%3AP5%20%3Fauthor.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fauthor%20mmdt%3AP13%20%3FwikidataEntity.%20%20%23exact%20match%0A%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%23Federated%20Query%20-%3E%20Wikidata%0ASERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%09%20%3FwikidataEntity%20skos%3AaltLabel%20%3Faltname%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%20%20%20%20%20%0A%20%09%09%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%09%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000%0A)
  - [Linking with catalogue data via 'BNF identifier'](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23%20MiMoText%20novels%20with%20URL%20to%20Biblioth%C3%A8que%20nationale%20de%20France%20%0A%23defaultView%3AImageGrid%0APREFIX%20wd%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fentity%2F%3E%20%23wikidata%20prefix%20definition%20for%20entity%0APREFIX%20wdt%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%23wikidata%20prefix%20definition%20for%20property%0APREFIX%20mmd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%20%23mimotext%20prefix%20for%20entity%20is%20wd%0APREFIX%20mmdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%23mimotext%20prefix%20for%20property%20is%20wdt%0A%0ASELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3Fwikidata%20%3Fbnfurl%20%3Fimage%20%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20mmdt%3AP2%20mmd%3AQ2.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20mmdt%3AP13%20%3Fwikidata.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FitemLabel%20.%0A%20%20FILTER%28lang%28%3FitemLabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%0A%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fwikidata%20wdt%3AP268%20%3Fbnfid.%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%7B%20%3Fwikidata%20wdt%3AP18%20%3Fimage.%7D%0A%20%20%20OPTIONAL%7B%20wd%3AP268%20wdt%3AP1630%20%3Fformatterurl.%7D%0A%20%20%20BIND%28IRI%28REPLACE%28%3Fbnfid%2C%20%27%5E%28.%2B%29%24%27%2C%20%3Fformatterurl%29%29%20AS%20%3Fbnfurl%29.%0A%20%20%7D%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%7D%0A%0A)
  - [Linking relations between authors via 'influenced by'](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23title%3AInfluence%20networks%20of%20authors%20via%20%27federated%20query%27%0A%23defaultView%3AGraph%0APREFIX%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fentity%2F%3E%20%23wikidata%20entity%0APREFIX%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%23wikidata%20property%0A%0APREFIX%20mmd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0APREFIX%20mmdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%0A%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3FauthorLabel%20%3Finfluencedby%20%3Fimage%20%3Fname%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fitem%20mmdt%3AP5%20%3Fauthor.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fauthor%20mmdt%3AP13%20%3FWikidataEntity.%20%20%23exact%20match%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%23Federated%20Query%20-%3E%20Wikidata%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%09%20%3FWikidataEntity%20wdt%3AP737%2Fwdt%3AP737%20%3Finfluencedby.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%09%20%23%20%3Finfluencedby%20widt%3AP734%20%3Fname.%20%20%0A%20%20%09%09%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%20%3Finfluencedby%20wdt%3AP18%20%3Fimage.%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%20%20%20%20%20%0A%20%09%09%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%09%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%7D%0A%0A)
- Compare information from two sources
  - [Themes derived from topic modeling](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/embed.html#%23%20Topics%20referenced%20by%20Topic%20Modeling%20(Q21)%0A%23defaultView%3ABubbleChart%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0Aprefix%20ps%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fstatement%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20pr%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Freference%2F%3E%0ASELECT%20%3FthemeLabel%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20(count(*)%20as%20%3Fcount)%20%0AWHERE%0A%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fstatement%20ps%3AP36%20%3Ftheme.%20%23statement%20has%20property%20'about'%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fstatement%20prov%3AwasDerivedFrom%20%3Frefnode.%20%23statement%20has%20a%20reference%0A%20%20%20%20%3Frefnode%20%20%20pr%3AP18%20wd%3AQ21.%20%23reference%20statement%20uses%20'P18'%3Dstated%20in%3B%20stated%20in%3A%20Q21%0A%20%20%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3FthemeLabel%0AORDER%20BY%20%3Fname%0A) compared to [themes according to BGRF](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/embed.html#%23%20Topics%20referenced%20by%20Bibliographie%20du%20genre%20romanesque%20fran%C3%A7ais%2C%201751-1800%20(Q1)%0A%23defaultView%3ABubbleChart%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0Aprefix%20ps%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fstatement%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20pr%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Freference%2F%3E%0ASELECT%20%3FthemeLabel%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20(count(*)%20as%20%3Fcount)%20%0AWHERE%0A%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fstatement%20ps%3AP36%20%3Ftheme.%20%23statement%20has%20property%20'about'%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fstatement%20prov%3AwasDerivedFrom%20%3Frefnode.%20%23statement%20has%20a%20reference%0A%20%20%20%20%3Frefnode%20%20%20pr%3AP18%20wd%3AQ1.%20%23reference%20statement%20uses%20'P18'%3Dstated%20in%3B%20stated%20in%3A%20Q1%0A%20%20%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3FthemeLabel%0AORDER%20BY%20%3Fname%0A)
  - [Combined: themes by BGRF vs. from topic modeling](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/index.html#prefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0Aprefix%20ps%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fstatement%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20pr%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Freference%2F%3E%0APREFIX%20p%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2F%3E%0A%0ASELECT%20%3Fwork%20%3FworkLabel%20%3FthemeItem%20%3FthemeItemLabel%20%3FsourceItem%20%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%3Fwork%20wdt%3AP2%20wd%3AQ2%20%3B%20%23%20instance%20of%20literary%20work%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP21%20%3FfullTextURL%20%3B%20%23%20work%20is%20part%20of%20%22roman18%22%20%28github.com%2FMiMoText%2Froman18%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP36%20%3FthemeItem%20.%20%23%20narrative%20location%20with%20item%20%0A%20%20%3Fwork%20wdt%3AP30%20%3FthemeString%20.%20%23%20narrative%20location%20with%20string%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%0A%20%20%20%20%3FthemeItem%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FthemeItemLabel.%20FILTER%28LANG%28%3FthemeItemLabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%20%0A%20%20%20%20%3FthemeItemStatement%20ps%3AP36%20%3FthemeItem.%0A%20%20%20%20%3FthemeItemStatement%20prov%3AwasDerivedFrom%20%3Frefnode.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Frefnode%20pr%3AP18%20%3FsourceItem.%0A%20%20%20FILTER%28%3FsourceItem%20%3D%20wd%3AQ1%20%7C%7C%20%3FsourceItem%20%3D%20wd%3AQ21%29%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%7D%0A%7D%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3FworkLabel%20%3Fwork%20%3FthemeString%20%3FthemeItem%20%3FthemeItemLabel%20%3FsourceItem%0AORDER%20BY%20ASC%20%28%3FworkLabel%29)

::
[An important example from our context is the alignment of the spatial vocabulary. We have matched the elements of our spatial vocabulary with Wikidata items via the property "exact match" and can thus reuse the data stored as values of the property "coordinate location". This allows us for example to visualize 'narrative locations'.]

---
### Thank you! 
<img height="40" data-src="img/basics/mimotext-logo.png">

**To learn more**
- Tutorial: https://docs.mimotext.uni-trier.de
- SPARQL endpoint: https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de
- MiMoTextBase: https://data.mimotext.uni-trier.de
- MiMoText Ontology: https://github.com/MiMoText/ontology
- Reference publication: ['Smart Modeling for Digital Literary History'](https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/10.3366/ijhac.2022.0278)
- Overview [visualizations WDQS](mimotext.github.io/MiMoTextBase_Tutorial/visualizations.html)
	
**Link to this page**
https://mimotext.github.io/lod-lithist/berlin23.html#/6/4

--
## Bonus slides

---
#### Module 3: Narrative form
<a href="img/module3_narrative-form.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/module3_narrative-form.png"></a>
- Cf. Calvo Tello (2021) adapting Genette (1979) 
- See Balancing: [https://github.com/MiMoText/balance_novels](https://github.com/MiMoText/balance_novels)

---
#### Module 9: terminology
<a href="img/module9_terminology.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/module9_terminology.png"></a>
Controlled Vocabularies: [https://github.com/MiMoText/vocabularies](https://github.com/MiMoText/vocabularies)

---
#### Wikibase Data model (1)
<a href="img/SPARQL_data_representation.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/SPARQL_data_representation.png"></a>

Source: UserHenkvD: [SPARQL data representation, as used by Wikidata Query Service](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/SPARQL/WIKIDATA_Qualifiers,_References_and_Ranks#/media/File:SPARQL_data_representation.png). 2017. CC BY-SA 4.0

---
#### Wikibase Data model (2)
<a href="img/property-data-types.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/property-data-types.png"></a>

Fig.: Property data types in the MiMoTextBase (red)

---
#### Potentials
- Wikidata as a “linking hub” (Neubert 2017)  
- Large amount of data across domains & disciplines  
- Open Access, Open Science, Open Knowledge (Schöch 2021)  
- Multilingualism  
- Visualization in the DockerWikibaseQueryService  
- Linking entities & enabling federated queries  
- Advantages of alignment within the same infrastructure and contributing data directly to Wikidata

---
#### Some advantages of linked open literary history data

- Ability to connect heterogeneous data sources  
- Allows to model, gather and compare contradicting information  
- Makes the process of constructing knowledge transparent (sources)  
- Allows to re-use information already present elsewhere (federated queries)  
- Has been an immense learning opportunity for the whole team  
- ...

---
#### Limitations
	
- no systematic ontology  
- specific data model which is not directly interoperabel with OWL standard  
- problem of semantic expressivity (Sack 2022)  
- loss of reasoning potential / possibilities  
- biases and dominances (e.g. English language) in reality (despite awareness and initiatives)

---
#### Some of the challenges we have encountered

- Modeling meta-assertions => more or less solved  
- Lack of consensus on fundamental assertions => need to coordinate broadly  
- Modeling and need for formal ontologies => Documentation, but not in OWL  
- ...

---
#### MiMoTextBase - overview
- 331671 Triple
- 1750 literary works written by 622 authors
- 1178 elements in different controlled vocabularies => 919 ‘exact’ or ‘close’ matches to Wikidata-Items (query: https://tinyurl.com/26zkbn9j)

---
#### Combining data from different sources (narrative locations)
<a href="img/figure_modeling_narr-loc_new_matching.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/figure_modeling_narr-loc_new_matching.png"></a>

--
## Back Matter

# Thanks!
 
<hr>

Slides: <a href="https://mimotext.github.io/lod-lithist/berlin23.html">https://mimotext.github.io/lod-listhist/berlin23.html</a>
 
Project: <a href="https://mimotext.uni-trier.de/en">https://mimotext.uni-trier.de/en</a>
 
Licence: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)</a>, 2023

<hr>