MiMoText

#### Towards an ontology for literary history: issues of complexity and scale when constructing the MiMoTextBase
<img height="60" data-src="img/basics/mimotext-logo.png">
 
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Christof Schöch and Maria Hinzmann with Julia Röttgermann, Tinghui Duan, Anne Klee, Johanna Konstancziak, Matthias Bremm
<a href="https://mimotext.uni-trier.de/en">https://mimotext.uni-trier.de/en</a>
<emph>Ontologies for Narrative and Fiction, Groningen</emph> | July 3-4, 2023
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<img height="50" data-src="img/basics/tcdh-slim.png">   <img height="50" data-src="img/basics/uni-trier.png">   <img height="50" data-src="img/basics/mwrlp.svg">

- Hello and welcome to our talk
- We're very happy to be here 
- Our topic is how we used ontologies in the process of building a resource based on linked open data for French literary history
- We would like to share our experiences regarding this issue in the project "Mining and Modeling Text"
- Maria Hinzmann and me are the main coordinators of "Mining and Modeling Text", run at the Trier Center for Digital Humanities
- The funding for this 4-year-project, set to run out at the end of the year, comes from the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, where Trier is located.

--
## Structure
1. [Mining and Modeling Text: Linked Open Literary History](#/2)
2. [Ontology Design: Modules - Dimensions - Ecosystem](#/3)
5. [Conclusion](#/4)

::
- Our plan ist to first provide some background on the project
- Then, we will focus on the role of the design and use of ontologies in the project
- I will present the first part, Maria Hinzmann will present the second part

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## (1) Mining and Modeling Text: Linked Open Literary History

---
#### MiMoText in a nutshell 
<a href="img/overview_eng.jpg"><img height="450" data-src="img/overview_eng.jpg"></a>
 <a href="https://mimotext.uni-trier.de/en">https://mimotext.uni-trier.de/en</a>

::
- The object of study in our project is the French novel of the second half of the eighteenth century 
- In order to collect information about this domain, we use three sources of information
  - Bibliographic metadata, in our case mainly the "Bibliographie du genre romanesque francais, 1751-1800", by Martin, Mylne and Frautschi 
  - Knowledge compiled by in literary historiography, notably a number of book chapters summarizing the history of the French novel at the time
  - And, characteristics of the relevant novels themselves, through a corpus of 200 such novels. 
- The general aim: 
  - Automatically extract relevant information from these sources
  - Model this information as LOD and linking them as much as possible
  - Analyse this information in order to learn more about the period's literature, but also on literary historiography. 
  - This also means: turning heterogeneous sources into a homogeneous dataset
  - This also implies explicitly modeling everything, and of course that is where controlled vocabularies, taxonomies, ontologies and their implementation and usage come into play.

---
#### Aims of the project

- Our goal: "Wikidata for literary history" 
 - An information system for literary history
 - LOD-based, with exploratory interface and SPARQL-endpoint
 - Sort of an "atomization" of literary history into many small statements
 - Held together by taxonomies, ontologies, authority files
- Unlike Wikidata: 
 - Much more focused on one domain (French novel 1750-1800)
 - Better coverage for this domain 
 - Higher density of assertions for this domain 
 - Based on explicit data modeling
 - Facilitates advanced analysis scenarios

::
- Both built on data, and enabling literary studies based on data
- Important to note that we don't collect facts, but rather statements or perspectives
- And of course, we don't provide one overarching narrative or thesis, but a lot of raw but linked and contextualized information

---
#### Result: the MiMoTextBase
<a href="http://data.mimotext.uni-trier.de/wiki/Main_Page"><img height="450" src="img/mimotextbase.png"></img></a>

- http://data.mimotext.uni-trier.de

:: 
- Having all our data triples on French Enlightenment novels and authors stored in our
Wikibase instance enables us to query it as a graph. 
- Start with some examples from the Wikibase "wiki view"
- Author: not a lot of information, but: "exact_match" (!) => Wikidata 
- Title: a lot more information, both modeled and as strings, from various sources; meta-assertions / references
- One can do searches here as well, but not in a very targeted manner => SPARQL

---
#### The SPARQL endpoint 
<a href="img/sparql_results1.png"><img height="350" src="img/sparql_results1.png"></img></a>

- SPARQL = SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language
- Used to formulate complex queries on LOD
- https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de

::
- The DockerWikibaseQueryService interface provides numerous visualization options that allow exploration and analysis of data at different levels of granularity
- Currently, we have almost 370.000 triples, so this already opens up many possiblities

---
#### Some example queries

- Simple queries
 - [List of novels with information from BGRF](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23%20Query%20to%20retrieve%20some%20data%20about%20the%20MiMoTextBase%20such%20as%20Authors%2C%20Novels%2C%20publicationyears%2C%20tonality%20etc.%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fbgrf%20%3Fitem%20%3Fauthorlabel%20%3FitemLabel%20%3Fyear%20%3Fnarrpers%20%3Ftonality%20%3Fpages%20%3Fnormalized%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP5%20%3Fauthor%3B%20%23%20who%20is%20the%20author%3F%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP4%20%3Ftitle%3B%20%23%20what%20is%20the%20title%3F%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP22%20%3Fbgrf%3B%20%20%23%20what%20is%20the%20identifier%20in%20the%20bibliographic%20metadata%3F%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP9%20%3Fdate%3B%20%23%20what%20is%20the%20publication%20date%3F%0A%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP27%20%3Fnarrpers%3B%20wdt%3AP31%20%3Ftonality%3B%20wdt%3AP25%20%3Fpages.%20%0A%20%7D%0A%20BIND%28YEAR%28%3Fdate%29%20as%20%3Fyear%29.%0A%20BIND%28if%28bound%28%3Fnarrpers%29%2C%20%3Fnarrpers%2C%20%22unbekannt%22%29%20as%20%3Fnormalized%29%0A%20%3Fauthor%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3Fauthorlabel.%0A%20FILTER%28LANG%28%3Fauthorlabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%0A%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2C%20fr%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%20ORDER%20BY%20%3Fyear) 
 - [The number of works written by each author (first 25)](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23%20Get%20the%20count%20of%20written%20novels%20per%20authors%0APREFIX%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0APREFIX%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%0A%0ASELECT%20%3FauthorName%20%28count%20%28%3FauthorName%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%3Fwork%20wdt%3AP5%20%3Fauthor%20.%20%23%20work%20has%20author.%0A%20%20%20%3Fauthor%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FauthorName%20.%20%23%20get%20author%20label%20%28not%20only%20Link%20to%20author%29%0A%20%20%20FILTER%28LANG%28%3FauthorName%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%20%23%20other%20options%3A%20%22fr%22%2C%20%22de%22.%20Filter%20is%20needed%20as%20there%20is%20more%20than%20one%20label%20%28language%20dependent%29%0A%7D%0A%0Agroup%20by%20%3FauthorName%0Aorder%20by%20desc%20%28%3Fcount%29%0ALIMIT%2025%0A%0A)
 - [The themes of the novels, in French](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/index.html#%23defaultView%3ABubbleChart%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0ASELECT%20%3FtopLabel%20%28count%28%2a%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP36%20%3Ftop%20.%0A%20%3Ftop%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FtopLabel%20.%0A%20filter%28lang%28%3FtopLabel%29%20%3D%20%22fr%22%29%0A%7D%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3FtopLabel%0AORDER%20BY%20desc%28%3Fcount%29) and in [English](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/index.html#%23defaultView%3ABubbleChart%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0ASELECT%20%3FtopLabel%20%28count%28%2a%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP36%20%3Ftop%20.%0A%20%3Ftop%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FtopLabel%20.%0A%20filter%28lang%28%3FtopLabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%0A%7D%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3FtopLabel%0AORDER%20BY%20desc%28%3Fcount%29) 
 
- Queries with visualization
 - [Number of novels published per year](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23%20Query%20to%20retrieve%20the%20first%20publication%20dates%20of%20all%20French%20novels%201751-1800%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%20%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0ASELECT%20%28str%28SAMPLE%28year%28%3Fdate%29%29%29%20as%20%3Fyear%29%20%28COUNT%28%2a%29%20AS%20%3Fcount%29%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP9%20%3Fdate%20.%0A%7D%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3Fdate%0AORDER%20BY%20DESC%28%3Fdate%29)
 - [The authors (by date of birth, with portrait)](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23%20show%20authors%2C%20their%20Wikidata%20match%2C%20their%20birth%20dates%20in%20a%20timeline%20%0A%23defaultView%3ATimeline%0APREFIX%20wid%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fentity%2F%3E%20%23wikidata%20prefix%20definition%20for%20entity%0APREFIX%20widt%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%23wikidata%20prefix%20definition%20for%20property%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%20%23mimotext%20prefix%20for%20entity%20is%20wd%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%23mimotext%20prefix%20for%20property%20is%20wdt%0ASelect%20%3Fauthor%20%3FauthorLabel%20%3FwikiLink%20%3Fbirth%20%3Fimage%20%0A%7B%0A%20%20%3Fauthor%20wdt%3AP11%20%3Foccupation.%0A%20%20%3Fauthor%20wdt%3AP13%20%3FwikiLink.%0A%20%20%3Fauthor%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FauthorLabel%0A%20%20Filter%28lang%28%3FauthorLabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%3FwikiLink%20widt%3AP569%20%3Fbirth.%20%0A%20OPTIONAL%7B%20%20%20%3FwikiLink%20widt%3AP18%20%3Fimage.%7D%0A%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%7D%0A)
 - [The narrative form of the novels (and their prevalence)](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23%20Query%20to%20retrieve%20the%20narrative%20perspectives%20of%20the%20novels.%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20rdfs%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2F01%2Frdf-schema%23%3E%0ASELECT%20%28count%28%3FnarrativePerspectiveLabel%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%20%3FnarrativePerspectiveLabel%20%0AWHERE%0A%7B%0A%20%20%3Fwork%20wdt%3AP33%20%3FnarrativePerspective.%20%23%20work%20%28novel%29%20has%20property%20P33%20%28narrative%20perspective%29%0A%20%20%3FnarrativePerspective%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FnarrativePerspectiveLabel.%20%23%20using%20of%20rdfs%3Alabel%20to%20display%20labels%0A%20%20%0A%20%20FILTER%28lang%28%3FnarrativePerspectiveLabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%20%23%20filter%20is%20neccessary%20to%20display%20only%20one%20occurence.%20Other%20possibilites%20would%20be%20%22en%22%20or%20%22de%22.%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2C%20en%22.%20%7D%0A%20%0A%7D%0A%0Agroup%20by%20%3FnarrativePerspectiveLabel%0A%23defaultView%3ABubbleChart)
 - [Book history: formats per year](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23defaultView%3ABarChart%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0ASelect%20%20%28str%28SAMPLE%28year%28%3Fdate%29%29%29%20as%20%3Fyear%29%20%28count%28%3Fformat%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%20%3Fformat%20%0A%20%20%20WHERE%7B%0A%20%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP26%20%3Fformat.%0A%20%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP9%20%3Fdate%20.%0A%20%20FILTER%28lang%28%3Fformat%29%20%3D%20%22fr%22%29%0A%20%20FILTER%28YEAR%28%3Fdate%29%20%3C%201799%29%20%23%20filter%20for%20the%20publication%20date%20of%20interest%0A%23%20FILTER%28lcase%28%3Fformat%29%20%3D%20%2212-in%22%40fr%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20Filter%20%28regex%28lcase%28%3Fformat%29%2C%20%22in-%5C%5Cd%2B%5B%5C%5Cs%5C%5CS%5D%22%29%29%0A%20%20%20BIND%28str%28year%28%3Fdate%29%29%20as%20%3Fyear%29%0A%20%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7Bbd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%7BAUTO_LANGUAGE%7D%22%2C%22fr%22%20.%7D%0A%20%20%7D%0A%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3Fformat%20%3Fyear%20%3Fcount%0A%23having%20%28%3Fcount%3E%202%29%0A)
 
- Federated queries 
 - [The narrative locations in all novels (map)](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/#%23defaultView%3AMap%7B%22hide%22%3A%20%5B%22%3Fnar_loc%22%5D%2C%20%22markercluster%22%3A%22true%22%7D%0APREFIX%20wid%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fentity%2F%3E%20%23wikidata%20wd%0APREFIX%20widt%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%23wikidata%20wdt%0APREFIX%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0APREFIX%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3Fnar_loc%20%3Fnar_locLabel%20%3FWikiDataEntity%20%3FcoordinateLocation%0AWHERE%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP32%20%3Fnar_loc.%0A%20%20%3Fnar_loc%20wdt%3AP13%20%3FWikiDataEntity.%0A%20%20%23Federated%20Query%20-%3E%20Wikidata%0A%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%3FWikiDataEntity%20widt%3AP625%20%3FcoordinateLocation%0A%20%20%7D%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20.%20%7D%0A%7D%0A)
 
- Compare information from two sources
 - [Themes derived from topic modeling](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/embed.html#%23%20Topics%20referenced%20by%20Topic%20Modeling%20(Q21)%0A%23defaultView%3ABubbleChart%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0Aprefix%20ps%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fstatement%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20pr%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Freference%2F%3E%0ASELECT%20%3FthemeLabel%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20(count(*)%20as%20%3Fcount)%20%0AWHERE%0A%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fstatement%20ps%3AP36%20%3Ftheme.%20%23statement%20has%20property%20'about'%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fstatement%20prov%3AwasDerivedFrom%20%3Frefnode.%20%23statement%20has%20a%20reference%0A%20%20%20%20%3Frefnode%20%20%20pr%3AP18%20wd%3AQ21.%20%23reference%20statement%20uses%20'P18'%3Dstated%20in%3B%20stated%20in%3A%20Q21%0A%20%20%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3FthemeLabel%0AORDER%20BY%20%3Fname%0A) compared to [themes according to BGRF](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/embed.html#%23%20Topics%20referenced%20by%20Bibliographie%20du%20genre%20romanesque%20fran%C3%A7ais%2C%201751-1800%20(Q1)%0A%23defaultView%3ABubbleChart%0Aprefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0Aprefix%20ps%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fstatement%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20pr%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Freference%2F%3E%0ASELECT%20%3FthemeLabel%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20(count(*)%20as%20%3Fcount)%20%0AWHERE%0A%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fstatement%20ps%3AP36%20%3Ftheme.%20%23statement%20has%20property%20'about'%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fstatement%20prov%3AwasDerivedFrom%20%3Frefnode.%20%23statement%20has%20a%20reference%0A%20%20%20%20%3Frefnode%20%20%20pr%3AP18%20wd%3AQ1.%20%23reference%20statement%20uses%20'P18'%3Dstated%20in%3B%20stated%20in%3A%20Q1%0A%20%20%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3FthemeLabel%0AORDER%20BY%20%3Fname%0A)
 - [Combined: themes by BGRF (string, label, Q1) vs. from topic modeling (label, Q21)](https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de/index.html#prefix%20wd%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fentity%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20wdt%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%20%0Aprefix%20ps%3A%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Fstatement%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20pr%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2Freference%2F%3E%0APREFIX%20p%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.mimotext.uni-trier.de%2Fprop%2F%3E%0A%0ASELECT%20%3Fwork%20%3FworkLabel%20%3FthemeItem%20%3FthemeItemLabel%20%3FsourceItem%20%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%3Fwork%20wdt%3AP2%20wd%3AQ2%20%3B%20%23%20instance%20of%20literary%20work%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP21%20%3FfullTextURL%20%3B%20%23%20work%20is%20part%20of%20%22roman18%22%20%28github.com%2FMiMoText%2Froman18%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP36%20%3FthemeItem%20.%20%23%20narrative%20location%20with%20item%20%0A%20%20%3Fwork%20wdt%3AP30%20%3FthemeString%20.%20%23%20narrative%20location%20with%20string%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%0A%20%20%20%20%3FthemeItem%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FthemeItemLabel.%20FILTER%28LANG%28%3FthemeItemLabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%20%0A%20%20%20%20%3FthemeItemStatement%20ps%3AP36%20%3FthemeItem.%0A%20%20%20%20%3FthemeItemStatement%20prov%3AwasDerivedFrom%20%3Frefnode.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Frefnode%20pr%3AP18%20%3FsourceItem.%0A%20%20%20FILTER%28%3FsourceItem%20%3D%20wd%3AQ1%20%7C%7C%20%3FsourceItem%20%3D%20wd%3AQ21%29%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%7D%0A%7D%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3FworkLabel%20%3Fwork%20%3FthemeString%20%3FthemeItem%20%3FthemeItemLabel%20%3FsourceItem%0AORDER%20BY%20ASC%20%28%3FworkLabel%29)

--
## (2) Ontology Design: Modules - Dimensions - Ecosystem

---
#### Modules

---
#### Overview

- Module 1: theme
- Module 2: space
- Module 3: narrative form
- Module 4: literary work
- Module 5: author
- Module 6: mapping
- Module 7: referencing
- Module 8: versioning & publication
- Module 9: terminology
- Module 10: bibliography
- Module 11: scholarly work
	
[Overview Visualizations Modules 1-11](https://github.com/MiMoText/ontology/blob/main/Modules%20overview.md)

---
#### Module 3: Narrative form
<a href="img/module3_narrative-form.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/module3_narrative-form.png"></a>
- Cf. Calvo Tello (2021) adapting Genette (1979) 
- See Balancing: [https://github.com/MiMoText/balance_novels](https://github.com/MiMoText/balance_novels)

---
#### Module 9: terminology
<a href="img/module9_terminology.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/module9_terminology.png"></a>
Controlled Vocabularies: [https://github.com/MiMoText/vocabularies](https://github.com/MiMoText/vocabularies)

---
#### Dimensions

---
#### Representing ‘fictionality’ - modeling ‘narrative locations’
<a href="img/figure_modeling_narr-loc_new_matching.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/figure_modeling_narr-loc_new_matching.png"></a>

---
#### Alignment with Wikidata: enabling ‘federated queries’
<a href="img/federated-queries_new.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/federated-queries_new.png"></a>

---
#### Reification (1)
<a href="img/reification-new.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/reification-new.png"></a>

---
#### Reification (2)
<a href="img/module7_referencing.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/module7_referencing.png"></a>

---
#### Wikibase ecosystem

---
#### MiMoTextBase as part of the Wikibase ecosystem
<a href="img/wikibase_ecosystem_neu.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/wikibase_ecosystem_neu.png"></a>

A view of the MiMoTextBase within the Wikimedia Linked Open Data web. Credit original visualization: [Dan Shick (WMDE) / CC-BY-SA 4.0](https://blogs.tib.eu/wp/tib/2021/11/05/tib-at-wikidatacon-part-1/)

---
#### Wikibase Data model (1)
<a href="img/SPARQL_data_representation.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/SPARQL_data_representation.png"></a>

Source: UserHenkvD: [SPARQL data representation, as used by Wikidata Query Service](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/SPARQL/WIKIDATA_Qualifiers,_References_and_Ranks#/media/File:SPARQL_data_representation.png). 2017. CC BY-SA 4.0

---
#### Wikibase Data model (2)
<a href="img/property-data-types.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/property-data-types.png"></a>

Fig.: Property data types in the MiMoTextBase (red)

---
#### Potentials (1)
- Wikidata as a “linking hub” (Neubert 2017)  
- Large amount of data across domains & disciplines  
- Open Access, Open Science, Open Knowledge (Schöch 2021)  
- Multilingualism  
- Visualization in the DockerWikibaseQueryService  
- Linking entities & enabling federated queries  
- Advantages of alignment within the same infrastructure and contributing data directly to Wikidata

---
#### Potentials (2)
<a href="img/mimotextbase-wikidata.png"><img height="450" data-src="img/mimotextbase-wikidata.png"></a>

Fig.: Connecting MiMoTextBase - the [roman18 corpus](https://github.com/MiMoText/roman18) - and Wikidata (future work)

---
#### Limitations
	
- no systematic ontology  
- specific data model which is not directly interoperabel with OWL standard  
- problem of semantic expressivity (Sack 2022)  
- loss of reasoning potential / possibilities  
- biases and dominances (e.g. English language) in reality (despite awareness and initiatives)

--
## (3) Conclusion

---
#### Some of the challenges we have encountered

- Modeling meta-assertions => more or less solved  
- Lack of consensus on fundamental assertions => need to coordinate broadly  
- Modeling and need for formal ontologies => Documentation, but not in OWL  
- ...

---
#### Some advantages of linked open literary history data

- Ability to connect heterogeneous data sources  
- Allows to model, gather and compare contradicting information  
- Makes the process of constructing knowledge transparent (sources)  
- Allows to re-use information already present elsewhere (federated queries)  
- Has been an immense learning opportunity for the whole team  
- ...

---
#### Many thanks!

**To learn more**
- Tutorial: https://docs.mimotext.uni-trier.de
- Visualizations: [mimotext.github.io/MiMoTextBase_Tutorial/visualizations.html](https://mimotext.github.io/MiMoTextBase_Tutorial/visualizations.html)
- SPARQL endpoint: https://query.mimotext.uni-trier.de
- MiMoTextBase: https://data.mimotext.uni-trier.de
- MiMoText Ontology: https://github.com/MiMoText/ontology
- Reference publication: ['Smart Modeling for Digital Literary History'](https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/10.3366/ijhac.2022.0278)
- References & readings: [Zotero](https://www.zotero.org/groups/2342956/mimotext/tags/Groningen2023/library)
	
**Link to this page**
https://mimotext.github.io/lod-lithist/eng.html#/4/3

---
## Back Matter
 
 
 
<hr/>

 Slides: <a href="https://mimotext.github.io/lod-lithist/eng.html#">https://mimotext.github.io/lod-listhist/eng.html</a>
 Project: <a href="https://mimotext.uni-trier.de/en">https://mimotext.uni-trier.de/en</a>
 Licence: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)</a>, 2023

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